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OpenAI's new GPT-5 artificial intelligence model consumes approximately 16,4 TWh of electricity per year, which is comparable to the annual energy consumption of countries such as Slovenia or Cuba, according to estimates from independent researchers, vc.ru reports.
According to experts, one average GPT-5 response consumes approximately 18 Wh of electricity. Processing approximately 2,5 billion queries per day, the total consumption is approximately 45 GWh per day. For comparison, this is equivalent to the daily power output of two large nuclear reactors.
GPT-5 consumes 8-9 times more energy per query than the previous version, GPT-4, which consumed about 2 watt-hours per response. Competing models demonstrate more modest results: Anthropic's Claude 2 consumes several watt-hours per query, while Google's Gemini consumes only 0,24 watt-hours, which is 75 times less than GPT-5.
Google reported that it has reduced Gemini's energy consumption by a factor of 33 over the past year thanks to model and infrastructure optimizations. OpenAI does not officially disclose its model's energy consumption data.