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October 2025 was among the top three warmest October months on record, according to the Copernicus Climate Change Service, based on ERA5 data.
The average surface air temperature in October was 15,14°C, 0,70°C warmer than the 1991–2020 average. The record remains held by October 2023, which was 0,16°C warmer. October 2024 was also 0,11°C warmer.
Compared to the pre-industrial level (the average temperature for the period 1850–1900), October 2025 was 1,55° warmer. The average temperature over the past 12 months—from November 2024 to October 2025—exceeded the 1991–2020 period by 0,62° and the pre-industrial level by 1,50°.
According to Copernicus forecasts, 2025 is highly likely to be the second or third warmest year on record.