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Quality control is an essential part of any industrial production. All industries have their own methods and parameters for determining the quality of the initial product, but there are five main methods:
- organoleptic;
- laboratory;
- expert;
- measuring;
- registration;
- sociological.
The organoleptic method is based on the external characteristics of the product and is carried out by the human senses. That is, the quality of a product is determined by eye, by smell, by tactile and taste sensations, and even by sound (for example, the degree of ripeness of a watermelon). This method is used to determine the quality of food products and perfumes.
Quality controllers using the organoleptic method use several parameters at once - they evaluate the smell of the product, its color, consistency, and taste the product. In order to systematize and classify the results obtained for evaluating some products, a point system has been created for each of the indicators. Based on the results, the points scored are summed up and a final quality assessment is made.
The laboratory method of quality assessment requires the presence of special equipment and reagents. It is also used to assess the quality of food products, as well as medicines and chemical industry products. It is longer than the organoleptic one, but more accurate and objective. The laboratories conduct physical, chemical, physicochemical, biochemical and microbiological studies of product quality.
With the expert method, a decision on the quality of products is made by a team of experts, including highly qualified specialists in a particular field - scientists, technologists, commodity experts.
The measurement method means assessing the quality indicators of a product based on technical measuring instruments. Like laboratory testing, it requires time and special equipment and is the most objective. The result is usually expressed in specific units of measurement.
With the registration method, quality is determined by counting the number of certain events and objects or based on observations.
Collecting and analyzing information about a product from consumers through surveys is called the sociological method. It is carried out using questionnaires that consumers are asked to fill out at buying conferences, sales exhibitions, tastings and other similar events.
Sometimes a combination of several methods is used, for example, organoleptic and laboratory, laboratory and measurement, organoleptic and sociological.
The laboratory method is carried out on the basis of an average sample. An average sample is a small amount of product taken from several places at once (top, bottom and middle of the batch). Usually, based on data on the quality of the average sample, a decision is made on the quality of the entire batch of goods.
At the state enterprise “Nebitmash” of the Ministry of Industry and Construction Production of Turkmenistan, great attention is paid to product quality issues. Since the divisions of the enterprise serve the energy and construction sectors of the country, a lot depends on the performance indicators of the products produced - from the strength of buildings and the quality of equipment, to the safety of working personnel and the uninterrupted operation of industrial facilities.
The “Nebitmash” enterprise produces gas boilers, metal containers, linear coupling fittings, electrical products, power transmission towers, transformer and lighting stations, observation towers, carriage-type houses for workers, and workwear for industrial enterprises. “Nebitmash” also carries out a wide range of turning, milling and forging work, repairs and maintains air conditioning systems and refrigeration equipment.
The quality of products is largely determined by the level of professionalism of the enterprise’s employees. “Nebitmash” employs highly qualified specialists who know their business well. However, in order to eliminate the influence of the so-called human factor, the company's products are subject to quality control, and expert and measuring methods are used. Products are evaluated according to industry accepted quality standards for each industrial area.
Resources: qualicont.ru; znaytovar.ru
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